为什么锂用于电池?

What is lithium? Why is lithium used in batteries? How does lithium affect the environment?

大多数人对电源的电池不太了解。您不想在手机上了解电池吗?

今天,你将学习所有关于锂离子电池的知识。

Where Does Lithium Come From?

可充电电池中的锂来自两个地方之一。首先是来自西藏和中国的矿山。最著名的是甘孜州荣达锂矿。在这里,矿工们从山上提取锂。

我们得到锂的第二名是玻利维亚的撒拉德Uyuni。Salar de Uyuni是世界上最大的盐。公司将盐水泵到表面上。随着水蒸发,它坐在几个月内,留下富含锂的盐。

这个过程是用水密集型的每吨锂500,000加仑. This is a huge social and environmental problem. 65% of the area’s water is used in this form of lithium mining. Many local communities have to get their water shipped in from other resources.

锂如何工作?

Batteries don’t actually store electricity. In fact, electricity can’t be stored. Instead, batteries work by converting chemical energy into electrical energy.

锂离子电池由阳极,阴极,溶剂和屏障组成。阳极和阴极位于电池的相对端。它们通过隔离阳极和阴极的屏障拉动电子。这些电子导致产生电力的化学反应。

当您为手机充电时,电子将朝向阳极返回。当它充电时,电子准备再次使沿距离沿着阴极。

为什么锂用于电池?

To understand why we use lithium, we need to understand the perks of the lithium-ion battery.

锂离子电池有很多优点和几个缺点。让我们探索这一点。

赞成的意见

高能量密度

与其他电池相比,锂电池更轻,能储存更多的能量。这意味着更容易为手机和其他重量和尺寸有问题的物品供电。

Less Self-Discharge

大多数电池在使用过程中会损失一点电能。锂离子电池也是如此,但要少得多——第一个月只有5%左右,之后每次充电2%。

低维护

其他电池需要大量的维护,以确保它们正常工作。例如,它们可能需要完全排空才能再次充电。锂离子电池没有这个问题(事实上,你不应该完全耗尽锂离子电池。之后就不会充电了。)

不需要初步

许多电池需要在首次使用之前进行灌输。锂离子不是这种情况。一路费,它准备好滚动!

多种选择和用途

锂离子电池用途广泛。它可以用在像抽油烟笔这样的小东西上,也可以用在像汽车这样的大东西上。它似乎有无限的潜在用途。

cons

需要电源保护

Lithium-ion batteries are pretty fragile when it comes to the way they’re charged. Overcharging damages them, and you don’t want to use too strong or too weak of a current.

这完全由迷你计算机和特殊电路处理。用户永远不必担心它。

Aging

Ah aging, the boon of us all. Whether they’re used or not, lithium-ion batteries tend to go bad after 2-3 years. After that, they need replacing. This is taxing enough in a smartphone, but even worse when it comes to an electric car.

成本

锂离子昂贵 - 比镍镉电池昂贵约40%。

爆炸倾向

你们还记得三星什么时候不得不召回Note7吗?锂离子电池出了问题。它自发地引起了音符爆炸。绝大多数情况下,这些电池是完全安全的。但是锂离子笔记本电池的能量和手榴弹一样大。

锂离子电池对环境有何影响?

There are two main concerns when considering lithium-ion batteries and the environment. The first is what happens when we extract lithium from the world around us. The second is how does lithium affect the world when it is disposed of. We’ll look at both of those next.

正如我们上面提到的,锂来自中国,或者说来自世界上最大的盐田玻利维亚。这两种方法对环境都没有好处。

死鱼和牦牛堵塞了中国的河流

On several occasions, locals in small towns next to the Liqi river found dead fish filling the river. They talked about the horrendous smell. They said that hundreds of yak and oxen died from drinking the contaminated water.

在他们的抗议中,政府暂时关闭了甘孜州荣达锂矿。他们承诺在允许重新开矿之前解决环境问题。

但这没有发生。不到几个月,河里又满是死鱼。

The locals said the river used to be full of healthy, thriving fish. Now there are few.

玻利维亚的当地人争取水 - 它会前往盐平面

As mentioned above, the area surrounding the Salar de Uyuni struggles to get fresh water. Many villages have water transported in from other areas.

65% of the water available is used to make brine in the salt flats. From there, the water is channeled into shallow pools where it sits and evaporates for months on end. It leaves a lithium-rich salt behind. It’s used because it’s efficient, easy, and cost-effective.

这一过程给当地人带来了灾难性的影响,他们努力寻找淡水。此外,它破坏了景观,留下巨大的车辙和不自然的形成。

我的手机死机了怎么办?

当他们的生活中失望时,锂离子电池会发生什么?您可能能够回收它们,但在英国,不到3%的手机实际回收。

如果他们被回收,我们就可以与他们做些太多。锂磨损,它不能放入新的手机中。许多用于融化金属的过程最终摧毁锂。

尽管如此,回收还是比扔到垃圾填埋场好。垃圾填埋场的电池会将有毒化学物质滤入地下。从那里,它们被冲上溪流,最终流入大海。在垃圾填埋场附近种植的作物会从地里吸收有毒的化学物质。毒素最终会进入你的食物。

Lithium-ion is especially bad, due to the explosive tendencies. When the cartridge starts to wear down, lithium-ion batteries can explode. They start fires that are hard to control.

火灾产生的烟雾和毒素被滤入空气中。这些都导致了全球温室气体排放和全球变暖。

What Can We Do About It?

For better or worse, lithium-ion batteries are a part of our lives now. Still, there are a few things you can do.

经常回收你的电池和电子产品

Even if we can’t reuse the materials, recycling keeps these toxins out of our landfills.

Buy Reusable

Using reusable batteries will cut back on how many batteries you dispose of every year. Consider theseuseful tipsnext time you think about buying batteries.

尽可能切断电池

If you have the option between batteries or no batteries, opt for the battery-free option. We can’t completely cut batteries out of our lives, but any place you can cut back help.

如果你能在生活的其他地方选择节能的选择。太阳能对每天的美国人来说,越来越实惠和可行。

Keep an Eye Out For Better Options

看起来锂离子电池在这里留下一段时间。但是可以提出更好的电池的科学家将在历史上下降。现在电池领域有很多研究。何时到来,考虑投资更加环保的选择。

例如,这位科学家正试图建立一个碳基电池out of cotton – of all things!

Despite Environmental Effects, Batteries are Here to Stay

我们理解为什么锂在电池中使用,即使我们不喜欢它也是如此。但暂时,它仍然是最环保的电池。

尽你所能减少你的电池消耗和照顾你的电子产品。这将有助于减少你的压力碳足迹when it comes to batteries.

对其他能量选择好奇?你学会了如何地热能可能是下一个大事件?